Understanding STIs: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread through vaginal, anal, or oral contact and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Common STIs include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HPV, and HIV. Many infections show no symptoms. When present, they may include painful urination, genital sores or rashes, unusual discharge, or pelvic pain. If left untreated, STIs can lead to infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pain, and even certain cancers. Preventive steps include consistent condom use, regular screening, HPV and Hepatitis B vaccination, and limiting the number of sexual partners. Early detection and treatment help protect long-term health and fertility.

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